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Human rights in Andorra are generally respected by the government, and the law and the judiciary provided effective means of dealing with individual instances of abuse. However, prolonged pretrial detention and violence against women and children were reported. ==Respect for the Integrity of the Person== There were no reports that the government or its agents committed arbitrary or unlawful killings. There were no reports of politically motivated disappearances. The constitution and law prohibit Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and there were no reports that government officials employed them. Prison conditions generally met international standards, and the government permitted visits by independent human rights observers. The Council of Europe's Committee for the Prevention of Torture reported that some prisoners charged they were kicked while being arrested or under detention. The report recommended strengthening safeguards against mistreatment of persons in police custody. The constitution and law prohibit arbitrary arrest and detention, and the government generally observed these prohibitions. The country has no defense force and depends on Spain and France for external defense. The national police, which have sole responsibility for internal security, are organized into four areas: public security, technical support, borders and traffic, and crime. Corruption was not a problem during the year; there are legal provisions for investigating and addressing allegations of corruption whenever they may occur. Some police officials received training in other European countries during the year. Police may legally detain persons for 48 hours without charging them with a crime. Warrants are required for arrest. The law does not provide individuals under arrest immediate access to an attorney. Legislation provides for legal assistance beginning 25 hours after the time of arrest. There is a system of bail. Lengthy pretrial detention was a problem, and the ombudsman has criticized it. Approximately 75 percent of lengthy detention cases involved foreigners. Pretrial detainees made up approximately 30 percent of the prison population. The constitution and law provide for an independent judiciary, and the government generally respected this provision in practice. The judiciary includes the Magistrate's Court and the Court of Courts. Once sentencing is announced there is a 10-day period to present an appeal to the Magistrate's Court. Upon acceptance of appeal the report is sent to the Court of Courts where the two parties are requested to return within a 15-day period. If the appellant or a legal representative makes no physical appearance before the court within the 15-day period then the appeal is declared void. The highest judicial body is the five-member Supreme Council of Justice. The two princes, the head of government, the president of the parliament, and, collectively, members of the lower courts, appoint one member each. The constitution and law provide for the right to a fair trial, and an independent judiciary generally enforced this right. Trials are public and defendants can request a jury. Defendants have the right to present evidence and consult with an attorney. Defendants have a presumption of innocence, and they have the right to appeal. There were no reports of political prisoners or detainees. The constitution and law prohibit Arbitrary Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence, and the government generally respected these prohibitions in practice. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Human rights in Andorra」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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